Ayurveda has mentioned the ‘abnormal status of mind’ i.e. psychopathology in various contexts. Caraka states that Raja and Tama are chief pathogenic factors of the mind and due to them many Manasa Vikaras (mental disorders) like Kama (passion), Krodha (anger), Lobha (greed), Moha (infatuation), Irsa (jealousy), Mana (pride), Mada (arrogance), Soka (grief), Cittodvega (anxiety), Bhaya (fear), Harsa (exhilaration) are produce. Visada (depression), Abhyasuya (indignation), Dainya (affliction) are also stated as Manasa Vikaras (mental disorders) in other Ayurvedic texts.
Susruta also explains that all the Manas Vikaras (mental disorders) are produced due to various types of Iccha i.e. desire and Dvesa i.e. hates. Hence, the Raja and Tama are the causative factors of mental disorders, which produce various types of desire and hates and in the end of the process all the mental disorders are generated.
Caraka Samhita (Sutrasthana 20) has mentioned 140 types of disease that produce by single physical Dosa i.e. Vata or Pitta or Kapha. Among those some mental disorders are mentioned here-
Vikara Dosa
Asabda Sravana (auditory hallucination) Vata
Tama (faintness) Vata
Bhrama (confusion) Vata
Visada (depression) Vata
Atipralapa (delirious) Vata
Asvapna (insomnia) Vata
Anavasthita Cittatva (unstable mind) Vata
Tandra (stupor) Kapha
Nidradhikya (hypersomnia) Kapha
Ayurvedic classics have explained some major mental disorders like Unmada (psychosis), Apasmara (epilepsy), Mada (intoxication), Murccha (fainting), Sanyasa (coma), Madatyaya (alcoholism) etc. that are produced by the vitiation of both physical and mental Dosa.
Thus Ayurveda has describe different types of psychopathology their application may offer more brilliance to treat difficult mental disability.
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